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Articles in Addition to, and amendment of the Constitution of the United
States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the legislatures of
the several States, pursuant to the fifth article of the original
constitution.
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.Date ratified Back to top
The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; - The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of death or other constitutional disability of the President. - The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. Date ratified Back to top
SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment
for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within
the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation. Date ratified Back to top
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject
to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the
State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
SECTION 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in
each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any
election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the
United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial
officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to
any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and
citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for
participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation
therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of
age in such State.
SECTION 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or
elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or
military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously
taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States,
or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall
have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of
each House, remove such disability.
SECTION 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by
law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.
But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such
debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
SECTION 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this article. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race,
color, or previous condition of servitude.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation. Date ratified
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The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. Date ratified Back to top
SECTION 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each
Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State
Legislatures.
SECTION 2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the
Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to
fill such vacancies: Provided, That the Legislature of any State may empower
the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the Legislature may direct.
SECTION 3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election
or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the
Constitution. Date ratified
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Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the
manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the
importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States
and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is
hereby prohibited.
SECTION 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.
SECTION 2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce
the provisions of this article. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The terms of the President and Vice-President shall end at noon on
the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon
on the 3rd day of January, of the year in which such terms would have ended if
this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall
then begin.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such
meeting shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by
law appoint a different day.
SECTION 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the
President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice-President elect shall
become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time
fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have
failed to qualify, then the Vice-President elect shall act as President until
a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the
case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice-President elect shall have
qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which
one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly
until a President or Vice-President shall have qualified.
SECTION 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of
the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President
whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case
of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a
Vice-President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
SECTION 5. Sections I and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October
following the ratification of this article. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the
United States is hereby repealed.
SECTION 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or
possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating
liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
SECTION 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by convention in the several
States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of
the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than
twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as
President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was
elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than
once. But this article shall not apply to any persons holding the office of
President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not
prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as
President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from
holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of
such term.
SECTION 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of
three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its
submission to the states by the Congress. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United
States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number
of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be
entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous
State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they
shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice
President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the
District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth Articles of
Amendment.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary
or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President
or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to
pay any poll tax or other tax.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or his death or
resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
SECTION 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President,
the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take the office upon
confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.
SECTION 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President Pro Tempore of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written
declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his
office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary,
such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting
President.
SECTION 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal
officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by
law provide, transmit to the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the
President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice
President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as
Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President Pro Tempore of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration
that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office
unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of
the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit within four days to the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the
President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.
Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within 48 hours for that
purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within 21 days after receipt of
the latter written declaration, or if Congress is not in session, within 21
days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of
both houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of
his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting
President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his
office. Date ratified
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SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Date ratified
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No law varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. Date ratified Back to top
RATIFICATION OF THE ARTICLES |
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| NOTE: Articles I to X were declared in force in 1791 | ||||
| Article XI. | Article XII. | Article XIII. | Article XIV. | Article XV. |
| 1798 | 1804 | 1865 | 1868 | 1870 |
| Article XVI. | Article XVII. | Article XVIII. | Article XIX. | Article XX. |
| 1913 | 1913 | 1919 | 1920 | 1933 |
| Article XXI. | Article XXII. | Article XXIII. | Article XXIV. | Article XXV. |
| 1933 | 1951 | 1961 | 1964 | 1967 |
| Article XXVI. | Article XXVII. | |||
| 1971 | 1992 | |||
Articles I to X were declared in force in 1791; Article XI in 1798; Article XII in 1804; Article XIII was proclaimed in 1865; Article XIV in 1868; Article XV in 1870; Article XVI and Article XVII in 1913; Article XVIII in 1919; Article XIX in 1920; Article XX and Article XXI in 1933. Article XXII was ratified in 1951. Article XXIII was ratified in 1961. Article XXIV was ratified in 1964. Article XXV was ratified in 1967. Article XXVI was ratified on July 1, 1971, just 100 days after congress passed the text. Article XXVII was declared ratified on May 7, 1992. Back to top
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